Benchmarking with hyperfine

We use hyperfine to benchmark, especially comparing before and after to see the impact of a change: https://github.com/sharkdp/hyperfine.

When benchmarking, you must decide if you care about cold cache performance vs. warm cache (or both). If cold, use --no-pantsd --no-local-cache. If warm, use hyperfine's option --warmup=1.

For example:

❯ hyperfine --warmup=1 --runs=5 './pants list ::`
❯ hyperfine --runs=5 './pants --no-pantsd --no-local-cache lint ::'

Profiling with PySpy (TODO)

Identifying the impact of Python's GIL (on macOS)

Obtaining Full Thread Backtraces

Pants runs as a Python program that calls into a native Rust library. In debugging locking and deadlock issues, it is useful to capture dumps of the thread stacks in order to figure out where a deadlock may be occurring.

One-time setup:

1. Ensure that gdb is installed.
   • Ubuntu: sudo apt install gdb
2. Ensure that the kernel is configured to allow debuggers to attach to processes that are not in the same parent/child process hierarchy.
   • echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope
   • To make the change permanent, add a file to /etc/sysctl.d named 99-ptrace.conf with contents kernel.yama.ptrace_scope = 0. Note: This is a security exposure if you are not normally debugging processes across the process hierarchy.
3. Ensure that the debug info for your system Python binary is installed.
   • Ubuntu: sudo apt install python3-dbg

Dumping thread stacks:

1. Find the pants binary (which may include pantsd if pantsd is enabled).
   • Run: ps -ef | grep pants
2. Invoke gdb with the python binary and the process ID:
   • Run: gdb /path/to/python/binary PROCESS_ID
3. Enable logging to write the thread dump to gdb.txt: set logging on
4. Dump all thread backtraces: thread apply all bt
5. If you use pyenv to mange your Python install, a gdb script will exist in the same directory as the Python binary. Source it into gdb:
   • source ~/.pyenv/versions/3.8.5/bin/python3.8-gdb.py (if using version 3.8.5)
6. Dump all Python stacks: thread apply all py-bt